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8 O
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Copyright © 2012 BEAM Society Limited. All rights reserved.
Page 85
CFCs generally have high ODP and GWP. HCFCs generally have much
lower ODP and GWP. HFCs offer near-zero ODP but some have
comparatively high GWPs.
Refrigerant
ODP
[1]
GWP
[1]
Hydrofluorocarbons
HFC-23
~0
12240
HFC-32
~0
650
HFC-134a
~0
1320
HFC-152a
~0
140
HFC-402A
~0
1680
HFC-404A
~0
3900
HFC-407C
~0
1700
HFC-410A
~0
1890
HFC-413A
~0
1774
HFC-507A
~0
3900
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
HCFC-22
0.04
1780
HCFC-123
0.02
76
Chlorofluorocarbons
CFC-11
1.0
4680
CFC-12
1.0
10720
CFC-114
0.94
9800
CFC-500
0.605
7900
CFC-502
0.221
4600
[1] – Sources:
i: IPCC Second Assessment Report;
ii: “World Resources Institute (2005), World Business Council for
Sustainable Development”;
iii: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provides information on
suitable substitutes for ozone depleting substances [ 5 ], including
refrigerants for various types of air-conditioning and refrigeration
equipment, fire suppression [6], blowing agents [7], solvents, etc. CIBSE
GN01 [8] outlines the hazards of using these refrigerants and provides
design guidance for refrigeration systems, thermal insulation and fire
protection systems. An ASHRAE guideline [9] recommends practices
and procedures that will reduce inadvertent release of halogenated
refrigerants. The practices and procedures in this guideline cover
emission reduction of halogenated hydrocarbon and halogenated ether
refrigerants:
from stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump
equipment and systems; and
during manufacture, installation, testing, operation, maintenance,
and disposal of equipment and systems.
5
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
http://www.epa.gov/docs/ozone/snap/lists/index.html#refac6
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/fire/index.html7
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
http://www.epa.gov/docs/ozone/snap/foams/lists/index.html8
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. CFC’s, HCFC’s, HFC’s and halons. 2000. ISBN 0900953993.
9
ASHRAE Guideline 3-1996. Reducing Emission of Halogenated Refrigerants in Refrigeration and AS